Just incase you have been living under a rock and haven’t heard, we are celebrating the 40th anniversary of the flight of Apollo 11.
So lets remember the three Americans who made the incredible first voyage from the Earth to the Moon. And let us not forget the hundreds of thousands of people it took to get them there.
Flying machines made from materials that did not even exist when Kennedy issued his challenge, less than a decade before. Donning suits made by a company that, up until winning the NASA contract, had made only bras and girdles. (That’s why the A7L closes in the back.) The crew of Apollo 11 set out to make history.
All the equipment was built to tolerances never before attempted…of materials not even dreamed of just a few years before.
Since we focus on the moon suits here, lets look at the wonderful “personal spacecraft” that was the A7l, and some of the innovations that went into it.
For instance: the white outer layer that is so familiar to us, Called the “Integrated thermal meteor garment” or ITMG. Is topped with a fantastic fabric decades ahead of its time called Beta-Cloth. This flexible, extremely tough and fireproof fabric was, (and is) used to cover and protect the fragile inner layers of the suit. It’s made of fiberglass cloth coated with teflon and silicone. It can stop a bullet if several layers are used, and it is unaffected by temperatures up to 550 C.
Topping the suit is a seamless bubble helmet, made from a new plastic called Lexthan (Plexiglas). Covering this while outside the craft is a visor assembly that uses the same plastic, only coated with 24 K gold. An attempt to reflect radiation away from the astronaut.
Beneath the white Beta Cloth are several alternating layers of Kapton foil and insulation. Beneath this lies the pressure garment assembly, or PGA.
The PGA is an ingenious configuration of latex coated fabrics with convolutes at key areas of movement such as the hips, knees and elbows. Fabric restraints and cables keep everything in shape when inflated. This makes the A7L strong yet flexible.
Inside the PGA is a special garment that looks like “fishnet long johns” that has hundreds of feet of plastic tubing sewn into it. This is the PCG or “personal cooling garment” Water flowing through the tubes carries the excess heat from the astronauts body away, keeping him (or her) cool.
On the back hangs a marvel of engineering called the Portable Life support System or PLSS. This contains Oxygen, carbon dioxide scrubbers, water for cooling and the communications equipment.
All these things, all these systems had to be invented and tested and built in less than ten years.
These are the reasons I marvel at the Apollo A7l, and try to honor the people that worked so hard make it work so well.
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